The Geopolitics Of a Changing World by Professor Jeffrey Sachs Mar 2, 2023 https://youtu.be/auNAENNEOdE?t=1314 https://youtu.be/auNAENNEOdE?t=1393
The New Geopolitics https://www.cirsd.org/files/000/000/010/6/1063099a5998c868364397c859203ebc09a42c81.pdf At least five major theories
about the current geopolitics.
The first three are variants of the Hegemonic Stability Theory; the fourth is the important school of international realism.
The fifth is my preferred theory of multilateralism, based on the pre-eminent importance of global cooperation to solve pressing global problems.
The Hegemonic Stability Theory, favored by American elites in politics, government, and academia, holds that the United States remains the world’s hegemon, the sole superpower, albeit a hegemon that is challenged by a rising competitor, China, and by a lesser but nuclear-armed competitor, Russia
Geopolitics as a Problem Solver? The essential problem with these four prevailing geopolitical theories is they view geopolitics almost entirely as a game of winning and losing among the major powers, rather than as the opportunity to pool resources to face global-scale crises. The Hegemonic Decline theory recognizes the need for global public goods but holds that only a hegemon will provide those global public goods.
The Multilateralist theory starts from the premise that the world urgently needs geopolitical cooperation to solve global-scale challenges such as humaninduced climate change and financial instability, and to avoid war among the major powers.
Twenty-firstcentury multilateralism should build on two foundational documents, the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and
on the family of UN institutions. Global public goods should be financed by a major expansion of the multilateral development banks (including the World Bank and the regional development banks) and the IMF. The new multilateralism should be based on globally agreed goals, notably the Paris Climate Agreement, the Biodiversity Agreement, and the Sustainable Development Goals. It should bring the new cutting-edge technologies, including digital connectivity and artificial intelligence, under the ambit of international law and global governance. It should reinforce, implement, and build on the vital agreements on arms control and denuclearization.
Finally, it should draw strength from the ancient wisdom of the great religious and philosophical traditions. There is a lot of work ahead to build the new multilateralism, yet the future itself is at stake